AAS-Biographical memoirs-Knox

Robert Bruce Knox was elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1989 and Fellow of the American Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in 1990, a rare honour for any one without a medical degree. He was elected President of the International Association of Sexual Plant Reproductive Research from 1990-1994. He was known internationally as an innovative plant scientist who published extensively on a wide range of topics. He was a pioneer in the discovery of cell recognition mechanisms in the breeding and reproductive systems of flowering plants and made a major contribution to the understanding of how plants recognise 'self and non-self'. He was one of the first people in the world to apply the techniques of immunochemistry and histochemistry to study plant development. His study of pollen led to the characterisation of proteins in the pollen cell wall, many of which are human allergens, and the cloning of allergen genes. Knox realised the limitations of working in a country far from the centres of world population and played an important role in forming links between the Australian scientific community and its counterparts overseas. He left a legacy of people who trained as his postgraduate students or who worked in his laboratory as part of his research team, contributing significantly to subsequent generations of scientists.

Bruce Knox (as he was always known) was a devoted family man who dedicated his DSc thesis to his wife Janice. He had wide interests in the community, was a member of Rostrum, Scouts and Rotary. He was in demand as a speaker at his children's schools and for recreation enjoyed painting, music, walking his dog, 'do it yourself' activities around the house, and gardening. In later years he shared a passion for roses with his eldest daughter Miriam.

Knox was born in Edinburgh on 5th March 1938, just eighteen months before the Second World War. His father, Robert Bruce Knox, served in the Edinburgh police and later worked for the Automobile Association. His mother, Edith Jessie, whose maiden name was Calder, was a farmer's daughter. Knox and his sister Ann often spent holidays at the family farm, where he was first introduced to plants and nature. In 1950, when eleven years old, he kept a detailed nature diary for the year, with notes on flowering and hand illustrations of flowers and animals that he had observed – a remarkable achievement for a young boy, particularly with his 'eleven-plus' examination looming, a test in which he must have performed well because he was accepted as a student at the prestigious Royal High School Edinburgh.

Edinburgh University

Knox started his undergraduate studies at Edinburgh University in 1955. He submitted his first manuscript for publication in Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh after an expedition to the Isle of Jura in June-July, 1957; a publication that was later to disappoint one of his D.Sci examiners, but which showed that he had classical training in Botany. He achieved a B.Sci Hons and the Anderson Henry Prize in Botany in 1959.

Knox was awarded an Agricultural Research Council Scholarship to Queen's University Belfast in 1959 as a research student supervised by the renowned botanist Professor Jack Heslop-Harrison FRS. Knox began work on the experimental control of apomixis and male sterility in grasses that became the principal topic of his PhD thesis. He meticulous work on Dichanthium led to the first demonstration of photoperiodic control of apomixis in any plant.

In 1960, when Heslop-Harrison moved to take up the Chair in Botany at the University of Birmingham, Knox followed him to Edgbaston where he worked in a laboratory that had been converted from the coach house at Winterbourne. The laboratory had easy access to a beautiful old garden. Here the research for Knox's thesis was completed and, in 1962, his PhD was awarded by the University of Birmingham. Soon after arriving in Birmingham he met Janice Weldon at a dance. They were both tall and immediately attracted to each other. Janice was studying at the City of Birmingham Teachers Training College. She finished her course and did a year's teaching in Manchester. On 28th July, 1962, at Whitfield near Manchester they were married.

Early research

In January 1963, Knox and his wife moved to Canberra, where he had accepted a NATO Research Fellowship to work in the Division of Plant Industry of CSIRO. He was to work with Dr Lloyd T. Evans on grasses. There began a lifelong interest in Australian plants and their biology; and what was to be a short stay in Australia proved to be a permanent move and place of home for the remainder of his life.

On completion of the NATO Fellowship, Knox was appointed to a Lectureship at the Australian National University and in 1970 he was promoted to Senior Lecturer. In these early years, he published two papers [5, 7] with Evans on inflorescence initiation in the grass Lolium temulentum, and a single-authored paper in the prestigious journal Science on the phenomenon of apomixis. [6] He also continued collaborative work with Heslop-Harrison; their first paper on grasses having been published in Botaniska Notiser (Lund.) in 1963. [4] Despite a full teaching load at the ANU, Knox was very active in research. His family too was growing: Miriam was born in 1964, Robert in 1967 and Susanne in 1970.

Knox was one of a very small group of students working in an area close to Heslop-Harrison's own interests. This made Knox part of a 'family' of ex-students and research fellows who collaborated and corresponded over the years, many of whom visited Knox's laboratories in Australia. In 1968, Knox joined Heslop-Harrison for a sabbatical year at the University of Wisconsin to work on pollen development. It was during this year that they began to investigate pollen wall proteins. A joint letter to Nature (London) appeared in 1969 on the cytochemical localisation of proteins in pollen grain walls. [10] Other significant joint publications highlighted the use of new technology – freeze sectioning, enzymic histochemistry and fluorescent markers to measure cell viability. [12-14] Knox and Heslop-Harrison realised the correlation between pollen wall proteins and hayfever. In collaboration with Dr Charles Reed of the University of Wisconsin Allergy Clinic, they located diffusible allergens from ragweed and Gladiolus pollen by immunoflorescence. Their resulting publication was the first to describe the application of this technique to the study of an allergen from a flowering plant. [15] Nine publications in 1971 were based on the application of the techniques that had been developed in the previous years. [18-26] Five of these publications were co-authored with Professor Heslop-Harrison and one with Dr Yolande Heslop-Harrison. One of the joint papers with Professor Heslop-Harrison reported the use of electron microscopy for the localisation of a wall-held enzyme in Crocus pollen. [22] This body of work laid the foundation for Knox's later research program on clinically significant grass pollen allergens that trigger asthma attacks.

In 1972, Knox was funded by a Royal Society Bursary to work at Kew (London), where Heslop-Harrison was by then the Director of The Royal Botanic Gardens. They were investigating the interaction between the pollen wall and stigma in an attempt to discover the nature of self-incompatibility in flowering plant reproduction. They documented the role played by pollen wall proteins in inter-specific incompatibility. They demonstrated how an inter-specific barrier could be bypassed with mentor pollen by crossing two species of poplar to produce a hybrid. This clearly demonstrated how fundamental research could be used to practical commercial advantage in agriculture.

In 1973, Knox participated in a symposium at the Royal Society in London, which was attended by people at the forefront of pollen biology and self-incompatibility research. The symposium was the precursor to a surge of discoveries in the field in which Knox was a leader. In a paper in the Annals of Botany, Knox, together with Heslop-Harrison and Barbara Howlett, an M.Sci student with Knox at ANU, demonstrated that proteins in the pollen wall of plants in the family Malvaceae were produced by both the parent plant in addition to those encoded in the pollen genome. [30] Knox and Heslop-Harrison showed that pollen wall proteins are associated with incompatibility responses in species of Cruciferae, [35] and in a letter to Nature, Knox, the two Heslop-Harrisons and Dr O. Mattsson suggested that the protein pellicle on the stigmatic papillae is the recognition site on the female plant surface. [38] In another letter to Nature, with co-authors Drs L. Watson and E. H. Creaser, he reported that the lectin Concanavlin A differentiates between different types of grass pollen by binding specifically to wall glycoproteins and carbohydrates. [39]

School of Botany, The University of Melbourne

In December 1972, whilst at Kew Gardens, Knox was invited to apply for the Chair of Botany at The University of Melbourne, which was about to become vacant with the retirement of the now late Professor John Turner. With recommendations from eminent scientists, including Dr Lloyd T. Evans, Sir McFarlane Burnet and Heslop-Harrison, he was offered and accepted the Chair of Botany at Melbourne, turning down an offer of appointment in Professor D.A. Levin's Department of Botany at Austin, Texas.

Knox, with his wife Janice and three children, Miriam, Robert and Susanne, moved to Melbourne in 1974. Knox set up his new research group with talented research staff, and invited a carbohydrate biochemist, Dr Adrienne Clarke (now Laureate Professor in the School of Botany and Victoria's Ambassador for Biotechnology), to join the group as a part-time research fellow. They planned a research program that addressed the fundamental nature of the rejection response in self-incompatibility. They also aimed to isolate and characterise the cell surface proteins of the female stigma.

Knox and Clarke moved into a newly refurbished laboratory for cytochemistry and molecular cell biology. It included a microscopy suite for the recently over-hauled Zeiss SM05 Scanning Electron Photometer, which was part of the ARGC equipment Knox brought from Canberra. Other equipment was underwritten by The University of Melbourne pending the outcome of Australian Research Grants Council (ARGC) funding. It was not long before Knox and Clarke established their innovative research group at the interface of biochemistry and plant reproductive biology, attracting students and international visitors.

Collaboration developed with other members of the School of Botany. Dr Sophie Ducker worked with Knox on how submerged sea-grasses achieve pollination, work that was presented in Nature in 1976 [44] and, on average, led to one collaborative publication each year for the next ten years.

Knox was in demand as a speaker at Conferences and Symposia in Australia and overseas. He was an invited speaker at the Australian Society of Plant Physiologists Annual meeting in Adelaide in 1975. That same year he organised the 1st Annual Symposium of the School of Botany at The University of Melbourne on 'Biological Recognition'. In 1976, he participated in the 1st International Congress in Cell Biology held in Boston, USA, and was an invited participant in the International Workshop on Morphology and Development of Helobiae (aquatic monocots and sea-grasses) at Harvard University. He presented the Presidential address to the Botany Section of the Hobart Congress of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science (ANZAAS). In 1976, Knox organised the Plenary Symposium on 'Aerobiology and the City', at the Melbourne ANZAAS conference. He was an invited participant in an international symposium 'Discrimination of Self and Non-self in Plants and Animals' organised by the American and Canadian Societies of Zoologists, in Toronto Canada.

Knox was appointed a member of Allergic Diseases Research Committee of the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, and elected Honorary Fellow of the Australian College of Allergists. He was appointed also by the Australian Academy of Science as a member of the Organising Committee and Chairman of the Developmental Botany Section for the XIII International Botanical Congress, held in Sydney in 1981.

Knox was very aware of the potential isolation of Australian scientists from those in other centres of the world in Europe and the USA. Difficulty and delays in getting laboratory supplies, information, books and vital stimulation of academic discussion with people working in the same field could limit the efficacy of research. In Australia in those early years, the first indication that one's work had appeared in print was the receipt by airmail of a reprint request! Thus, Knox's enthusiasm and energy for bringing overseas visitors to Melbourne and supporting his own staff and students to attend national and international meetings was important. He also embraced new computer technology, as he did any other technology in his field of research.

The Plant Cell Biology Research Centre

In 1981, Knox and Clarke (who by then was Reader in Botany) applied jointly to the ARC for a Special Research Centre. The announcement of their success in being awarded a 'Centre of Excellence' – as co-Directors of The Plant Cell Biology Research Centre (PCBRC) – appeared in the University of Melbourne's Gazette in February 1982. This was one of the most significant achievements in the history of the School of Botany. The long-term nature of the funding and the size of the grant ($1.7 million in the first three years) gave the research group financial security to tackle fundamental scientific questions that could not be achieved in the short term, nor without a critical mass of people and resources. Laboratory accommodation was expanded by the School, and so began a very productive period.

The main focus of the PCBRC was to answer two key questions: How is fertilisation controlled in plants? and How do plants perceive and resist fungal pathogens? The Centre was structured in two parts: the Pollination Biology Group working directly under Knox, and the Cell Surface Biology Group under the direction of Clarke, with Dr Tony Bacic as her Senior Research Fellow. Dr Elizabeth Williams, Senior Research Fellow worked with both groups. By March 1983, there were 10 research staff, a number of postgraduate students and supporting technical and secretarial staff.

Knox' Pollination Biology Group continued to research Australian plants, such as Acacia, the heath plant Acrotriche, Rhododendron laetium, mistletoes and sea-grasses, all of which have unusual pollen and pollination mechanisms. Crop plants also figured in the research of the pollen-stigma interaction. One achievement of agricultural significance was the bypassing of the self-incompatibility system in cauliflower using carbon dioxide. The research group utilised light, fluorescence and electron microscopy to characterise the 'male germ unit', and examine and monitor pollen development, pollen tube growth and cellular interactions after self or cross-pollinations. The output was a total of 79 publications in internationally refereed journals or invited book chapters with Knox as author or co-author in the years between 1983 and 1988. [104-191]

In 1982, Knox attended the international symposium 'Pollination Biology' at Garnarno in Italy, followed by a number of visits to institutions in Britain and Europe. The following year he spent six months on sabbatical leave in France working with Christian Dumas in Lyon and Kiem Tran Thanh Van in Paris. Williams was left in charge of the Pollination Biology Group and Clarke directed the PCBRC in Knox's absence.

On 15th October 1983, The University of Melbourne awarded Knox the degree of Doctor of Science. The thesis was massive. Three copies of three volumes of collected publications required a porter's trolley to deliver them to office of the Dean of Science.

Pollination symposia

'Pollination '82' was the first of a series of very successful symposia hosted by the PCBRC held in the School of Botany at Melbourne, it was attended by more than 50 Australian and international researchers, staff and students. The resulting published Proceedings are a record of the pollination biology research of Knox's group. In subsequent symposia Proceedings, Dr Harry Swart, a mycologist and skilled artist in the School, provided delightful, topical botanical cartoons. Their inclusion is a testament to Knox's deep sense of humour.

The spirit of these regular Pollination Symposia is best summarised in the stated aims of the 'Pollination '84' meeting: 'to foster the development and application of new concepts and techniques�; to stimulate research by bringing together scientists and students in the various research fields related to plant reproductive biology�; to benefit the plant improvement industry by encouraging participation from commercial industry and plant breeders...; to provide a focus for research on plant reproductive biology in the Southern Hemisphere.' The success of the '84' meeting is documented in the Proceedings volume of 40 papers and poster presentations. Equally successful, 'Pollination '86' was held in May to coincide with the 26th Annual General Meeting of the Australian Society of Plant Physiologists, attracting participants from as far a field as Canada, USA, Poland, India and South Africa.

Later in July of 1986, Knox set out on a further sabbatical leave in the United Kingdom, France and Italy. Williams was again left in charge of Knox's group but accepted a tenured professorial appointment in the Agronomy Department at the University of Kentucky and departed Melbourne in April 1987. Knox returned from Europe in October 1986 for the visit to the PCBRC of a committee established by the Steering Committee to Review Special Research Centres. The review committee, while noting the excellence of Knox's research, recommended that his part of the PCBRC not be refunded. The decision was made public the day that the University closed down for Christmas, 1986.

Re-grouping, 1987

Knox's research staff were back to the insecurity of shorter term funding and the yearly exercise of writing grant applications. Knox was able to secure a steady increase in grants: in 1988 a total of $199 800, 1989 $276 800 and 1990 $416 500, which allowed a steady rebuilding of his research group. Research on pollination biology of Australian indigenous plants was confined to a few students finishing theses, visiting scientists completing work, and one project on the fan flower Scaevola. 'Pollination '88', the 4th of the series of pollination biology symposia, was organised in association with the International Congress of Palynology. [202]

The last decade 1987-1997

Knox directed his last ten years' of research to understanding the molecular and environmental biology of pollen allergens in the air during the hay fever season. Funding was secured from ARC, NH&MRC, the Asthma Foundation of Victoria and other bodies. Together with Senior Research Fellow Dr Mohan Singh, he and his research team were the first to discover how grass pollen triggers an asthma attack, and his team began characterising genes encoding grass pollen allergens that interact with the humane immune system. They cloned and sequenced the Lolp1 gene. This led to the discovery of other allergens and to their site of storage in pollen, which was identified using techniques of gold-labelling antibodies and electron microscopy. The group later demonstrated the association of starch grains, thunderstorms and asthma attacks, and the fact that allergens can bind with diesel particles in the air. As a service to the community, his group initiated the 'Melbourne Pollen Count', where a daily count of pollen and a forecast for the following day are provided to the media, allowing asthma and hay fever sufferers to take preventive measures to minimise suffering on days when a high pollen count is expected. The group's research findings continue to contribute to the development of diagnostic techniques and treatments for allergy sufferers.

During this period, Knox also teamed up with two colleagues, Professors Pauline Ladiges and Barbara Evans, to edit the first, full colour Australian Biology textbook for tertiary education. The project had commenced in 1988, involved more than 50 contributing authors, and consumed much energy on the part of Knox and his co-editors. The first edition was finally published by McGraw-Hill Book Company Australia in 1994 and won a number of publishing awards. [267]

In late 1995, Singh in Knox's group announced his appointment as Reader in the School of Agriculture at The University of Melbourne. His move meant the loss of staff and students from Knox's group and a subsequent restructuring once again of his research team's program.

The first task for the newly formed group was to complete the organization of the last scientific meeting that Knox organised on 'home ground': 'Plant reproduction '96' for the 14th International Congress of Sexual Plant Reproduction, which was to be held at the Cumberland Resort at Lorne, Victoria, 145 km south-west of Melbourne. The Congress was highly successful, over-flowing the conference accommodation into adjacent motels and the camping ground. There were over 350 registrants, nearly half from overseas.

With this organisational achievement behind him, Knox began to rebuild his research group, by then known as the Pollen and Allergy Research Group (PARG). Knox planned to return to active involvement in experimental work at the bench, work that he had missed in recent years. Dr George Schappi was a research fellow from Switzerland who worked on birch pollen allergens, and Dr Ian Staff joined the group as an Honorary Associate from La Trobe University. Research fellow Dr Cenk Suphioglu was funded by NH&MRCA. Suphioglu was one of Knox's PhD graduates who won a Young Achiever Award for Science and Technology in 1991.

Epilogue

On the 7th January 1997, Knox had a heart attack while on annual leave at his holiday home at Somers, on the Mornington Peninsula. He was rushed to hospital in Melbourne where he had emergency surgery. Four weeks later he was home again and wrote that 'he was feeling pretty good'. He lost weight, exercised and obeyed doctor's instructions. He took leave, and he and Janice travelled to Queensland for a holiday. They had just started out on a drive on 30th August when he had a massive heart attack and died before reaching hospital.

The letters received from friends and colleagues paid tribute to Robert Bruce Knox as an innovative scientist and generous friend, who bore few grudges in life. The School of Botany Foundation through donations established the endowment of the Bruce Knox Honours Prize as a memorial. It seemed fitting to have a prize for a young promising research student, given the support that Knox provided for many young scientists during his life-time. Knox will be remembered for his immense contribution to plant science. He had a phenomenal ability to predict trends in science, orchestrate, guide and inspire students and colleagues as evidenced by the publication output of his laboratory. The quality of that output is reflected in the 1000 citations of his work recorded in the last 10 years. His influence went far beyond the boundaries of his own institution to the many scientists who dropped in or telephoned to gain inspiration.

Acknowledgments

We thank Dr Barbara Howlett and Professor Adrienne Clarke for reading this memoir, the School of Botany for access to records, Professor Brian Gunning for access to a Biography of Professor Heslop-Harrison, Mrs Janice Knox, and Miriam Falloon (nee Knox) for information about the period before her father moved to Australia.

Bibliography

1. R.B. Knox. Flora of the Isle of Jura. Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh 37, 251-256 (1959).

2. � R.B. Knox. Hypochaeris glabra L. in Fife. Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh 37, 286 (1959).

3. � R.B. Knox. Flora of Jura II: List of lichens. Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh 39, 114-115 (1960).

4. � R.B. Knox. and J. Heslop-Harrison. Experimental control of Aposporus apomixis grass of the Andropogonea. Botaniska Notiser (Lund). 116, 127-141 (1963).

5. � R.B. Knox and L.T. Evans. Inflorescence initiation in Lolium temulentum L. VIII. Histochemical changes at the shoot apex during induction. Australian Journal of Biological Science 19, 233-245 (1966).

6. � R.B. Knox. Apomixis: seasonal and population differences in a grass. Science 157, 325-326 (1967).

7. � R.B. Knox and L.T. Evans. Inflorescence initiation in Lolium temulentum L. II. An autoradiographic study of evocation in the shoot apex. Australian Journal of Biological Science 21, 1083-1094 (1968).

8. � J. Tothill and R.B. Knox. Reproduction in Heteropogon contortus I. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 19, 869-878 (1968).

9. L.T. Evans and R.B. Knox. Environmental control of reproduction in Themeda australia. Australian Journal of Botany 17, 357-389 (1969).

10. R.B. Knox and J. Heslop-Harrison. Localization of enzymes in the wall of pollen grain. Nature (London) 223, 92-94 (1969).

11. L.T. Evans, R.B. Knox and A.H.G. Rijven. The nature and localisation of early events in the shoot apex of Lolium temulentum during floral induction. In G. Bernier (ed.): Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Floral Induction. (Longmans Green, London) 192-206 (1970).

12. R.B. Knox. Freeze-sectioning in plant tissues. Stain Technology 45, 265-273 (1970).

13. R.B. Knox, H.G. Dickinson and J. Heslop-Harrison. Cytochemical observations on change in RNA content and acid phosphatase activity during the meiotic prophase in the anther of Cosmos bipinnatus. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 19, 1-6 (1970).

14. R.B. Knox and J. Heslop-Harrison. Direct demonstration of the low permeability of the angiosperm meiotic tetrad using a fluorogenic ester. Zwischen Pflanzenphysiology 62, 451-459 (1970).

15. R.B. Knox, J. Heslop-Harrison and C. Reed. Localization of antigens associated with the pollen grain wall by immunofluorescence. Nature (London)225, 1066-1068 (1970).

16. R.B. Knox and J. Heslop-Harrison. Pollen wall proteins: cytochemical localization and enzymatic activity. Journal of Cell Science 6, 1-27 (1970).

17. J.R. McWilliam, K. Shanker and R.B. Knox. The effect of temperature and photoperiod on growth and reproductive development in Hyparrhenia hirta. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 21, 557-569 (1970).

18. J.Heslop-Harrison, R.B. Knox. and H.G. Dickinson. Cytoplasmic RNA and enzyme activity during the meiotic prophase in Cosmos bipinnatus. In J. Heslop-Harrison (ed.): Pollen Physiology and Development. (Butterworths, London) 32-35 (1971).

19. Y.Heslop-Harrison and R.B. Knox. A cytochemical study of the leaf-gland enzymes of the insectivorous plants of the genus Pinguicula. Planta 96, 183-211 (1971).

20. J.V. Jacobsen, R.B. Knox and N.A. Pyliotis. The structure and composition of aleurone grains in the barley aleurone layer. Planta (Berlin) 101, 189-209 (1971).

21. R.B. Knox and J. Heslop-Harrison. Pollen-wall enzymes taxonomic distribution and physical localization. In J. Heslop-Harrison (ed.): Pollen Physiology and Development. (Butterworths, London) 32-35 (1971).

22. R.B. Knox and J. Heslop-Harrison. Pollen-wall proteins: electronmicroscopic localization of acid phosphatase in Crocus vernus. Journal of Cell Science 8, 727-733 (1971).

23. R.B. Knox. Pollen-wall proteins: localization, enzymic and antigenic activity during development in Gladiolus (Iridaceae). Journal of Cell Science 9, 209-237 (1971).

24. R.B. Knox and J. Heslop-Harrison. Pollen-wall proteins: localization and antigenic and allergenic proteins in the pollen grain walls of Ambrosia spp. (ragweeds). Cytobios 4, 49-54 (1971).

25. R.B. Knox and J. Heslop-Harrison. Pollen-wall proteins: the fate of intine-held antigens on the stigma in compatible and incompatible pollinations of Phalaris tuberosa L. Journal of Cell Science 9, 239-251 (1971).

26. L.D. Pryor and R.B. Knox. Operculum development and evolution in eucalypts. Australian Journal of Botany 19, 143-171 (1971).

27. J.V. Jacobsen and R.B. Knox. Cytochemical localization of gibberellic acid-induced enzymes in the barley aleurone layer. In D. J. Carr (ed.): Plant Growth Substances. (Springer Verlag, Berlin and New York) 344-351 (1972).

28. R.B. Knox, R. Willing and A.E. Ashford. Role of the pollen-wall proteins as recognition substances in interspecific incompatibility in poplars. Nature 237, 381-383 (1972).

29. R.B. Knox, R.R. Willing and L.D. Pryor. Interspecific hybridization of poplars using recognition pollen. Silvae Genetica, 21, 65-69 (1972).

30. J.Heslop-Harrison, Y. Heslop-Harrison, R.B. Knox and B. Howlett. Pollen-wall proteins 'gametophytic' and 'sporophytic' fractions in the pollen-walls of the Malvaceae. Annals of Botany 37, 403-412 (1973).

31. B.J. Howlett, R.B. Knox and J. Heslop-Harrison. Pollen-wall proteins: release of the allergen Antigen E from intine and exine sites in pollen grains of ragweed and Cosmos. Journal of Cell Science 13, 603-619 (1973).

32. J.V. Jacobsen and R.B. Knox. Cytochemical localization and antigenicity of α-amylase in barley aleurone tissue. Planta 112, 213-224 (1973).

33. R.B. Knox. Immunofuoreszenz als Methode zur Lokalisation von Proteinen in Pflazenzellen. Zeiss Information. Oberkochen, 20, 52-55 (1973).

34. R.B. Knox. Pollen-wall proteins: pollen-stigma interactions in ragweed and Cosmos (Compositae). Journal of Cell Science 12, 421-443 (1973).

35. J.Heslop-Harrison, R.B. Knox and Y. Heslop-Harrison. Pollen-wall proteins: exine held fractions associated with the incompatibility response in Cruciferae. Theoretical & Applied Genetics 44, 133-137 (1974).

36. J.V. Jacobsen and R.B. Knox. The proteins released by isolated barley aleurone layers before and after gibberellic acid treatment. Planta 115, 193-206 (1974).

37. R.B. Knox and E. Friederich. Tetrad pollen grain development and sterility in Leschenaultia formosa (Goodeniaceae). New Phytologist 73, 251-258 (1974).

38. O.Mattsson, R.B. Knox, J. Heslop-Harrison and Y. Heslop-Harrison. Protein pellicle of stigmatic papillae as a probable recognition site in incompatibility reactions. Nature (London) 247, 298-300 (1974).

39. L. Watson, R.B. Knox and E.H. Creaser. Concanavalin A differentiates among grass pollens by binding specifically to wall glycoproteins and carbohydrates. Nature (London) 247, 574-576 (1974).

40. A.E. Clarke, R.B. Knox and M.A. Jermyn. Localization of lectins in legume cotyledons. Journal of Cell Science 19, 157-167 (1975).

41. R.B. Knox, J. Heslop-Harrison and Y. Heslop-Harrison. Pollen-wall proteins: localization and characterisation of gametophytic and sporophytic fractions. In J.G. Duckett and P.A. Racey (eds.): The Biology of the Male Gamete (Academic Press, London) 177-187 (1975).

42. J.Heslop-Harrison, R.B. Knox, Y. Heslop-Harrison and O. Smattsson. Pollen-wall proteins: emission and role in incompatibility responses. In J.G. Duckett and P.A. Racey (eds.): The Biology of the Male Gamete (Academic Press, London) 189-202 (1975).

43. B.J. Howlett, R.B. Knox, J. Paxton and J. Heslop-Harrison. Pollen-wall proteins: physico-chemical characterization and role in self-incompatibility in Cosmos bipinnatus. Proceedings of the Royal Society. B. 188, 167-182 (1975).

44. S.C. Ducker and R.B. Knox. Submarine pollination in seagrasses. Nature (London) 263, 705-706 (1976).

45. R.B. Knox, A.E. Clarke, S. Harrison, P. Smith and J.J. Marchalonis. Cell recognition in plants: determinants of the stigma surface and their pollen interactions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 73, 2788-2792 (1976).

46. R.B. Knox. Cell recognition and pattern formation in plants. In C.F. Graham and P.F. Wareing (eds.): The Developmental Biology of Plants and Animals (Blackwell, Oxford) 141-168 (1976).

47. R.B. Knox and A.E. Clarke (eds.): Biological Recognition. Proc. 1st Symposium, School of Botany and Office Cont. Education Publ., University of Melbourne. (1976).

48. D.Munro, P. LeRoy, D.J. Hills, I.J. Smart and R.B. Knox. Aero-allergens and childhood asthma in Melbourne. Clean Air 10, 42-45 (1976).

49. H.I.M.V. Vithanage and R.B. Knox. Pollen-wall proteins quantitative cytochemistry of the origins of intine and exine enzymes in Brassica oleraceae. Journal of Cell Science 21, 423-435 (1976).

50. L.Watson and R.B. Knox. Pollen-wall antigens and allergens taxonomically ordered variation among grasses. Annals of Botany 40,399-408 (1976).

51. R.A. Anderson, A.E. Clarke, M.A. Jermyn, R.B. Knox and B.A. Stone. A carbohydrate-binding arabinogalactan protein from liquid suspension cultures of endosperm of Lolium multiflorum. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 4, 143-158 (1977).

52. A.E. Clarke, J.A. Considine, R. Ward and R.B. Knox. Mechanism of pollination in Gladiolus: roles of the stigma and pollen-tube guide. Annals of Botany 41, 15-20 (1977).

53. A.E. Clarke, P.A. Gleeson, M.A. Jermyn and R.B. Knox. Characterization and localization of b-lectins in lower and higher plants. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 5, 707-722 (1979).

54. A.E. Clarke, R.B. Knox, S. Harrison, J. Raff and J.J. Marchalonis. Common antigens and male-female recognition in plants. Nature (London) 265, 161-163 (1977).

55. S.C. Ducker, N.J. Foord and R.B. Knox. Biology of Australian seagrasses: The genus Amphibolis C Agardh. (Cymodoceaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 24, 67-95 (1977).

56. D.R. Murray and R.B. Knox. Immunofluorescent localization of urease in the cotyledons of jack bean Canavalia ensiformis. Journal of Cell Biology 26, 9-18 (1977).

57. H.I.M.V. Vithanage and R.B. Knox. Development and cytochemistry of the stigma surface and response to self and foreign pollination in Helianthus annuus. Phytomorphology 27, 168-179 (1977).

58. A.E. Clarke and R.B. Knox. Cell recognition in plants. Quarterly Review of Biology 53, 3-28 (1978).

59. S.C. Ducker and R.B. Knox. Alleloparasitism between a seagrass and algae. Naturwissenschaften 65, 391-392 (1978).

60. S.C. Ducker, J.M. Pettitt and R.B. Knox. Biology of Australian seagrasses: pollen development and submarine pollination in Amphibolis antarctica and Thalassodendron ciliatum (Cymodoceaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 36, 265-285 (1978).

61. D.J. Hill, D.A. Munro, P.J. West, R.B. Knox and R.H. Weston. Asthma in Melbourne children. Medical Journal of Australia 1, 614-615 (1978).

62. R.B. Knox and A.E. Clarke. Localization of proteins and glycoproteins by binding to labelled antibodies and lectins. In J.L. Hall (ed.): Electron Microscopy and Cytochemistry of Plant Cells (Elsevier/North Holland, Biomedical Press, Amsterdam) 150-183 (1978).

63. A.E. Clarke and R.B. Knox. Plants and Immunity. Comparative and Developmental Immunology 3, 571-589 (1979).

64. A.E. Clarke, P.A. Gleeson, P. Harrison and R.B. Knox. Pollen-stigma interactions: identification and characterization of surface components and recognition potential. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 76, 3358-3362 (1979).

65. J.A. Considine and R.B. Knox. Development and histochemistry of the pistil of the grape, Vitis vinifera. Annals of Botany 43, 11-22 (1979).

66. J.A. Considine and R.B. Knox. Development and histochemistry of the cells, cell walls and cuticle of the dermal system of fruit of the grape, Vitis vinifera L. Protoplasma 99, 347-365 (1979).

67. D.J. Hill, I.J. Smart and R.B. Knox. Childhood asthma and grass pollen aerobiology in Melbourne. Medical Journal of Australia 1, 426-429 (1979).

68. B.J. Howlett, H.I.M.V. Vithanage and R.B. Knox. Pollen antigens, allergens and enzymes. Current Advances in Plant Science 35, 1-17 (1979).

69. J.Kenrick and R.B. Knox. Pollen development and cytochemistry in some Australian species of Acacia. Australian Journal of Botany 27, 413-427 (1979).

70. R.B. Knox. Pollen and Allergy. Studies in Biology No. 107. 64 pages. Edward Arnold, London (1979).

71. R.B. Knox. Flower. In McGraw-Hill (ed.): Encyclopaedia of Science and Technology, Yearbook for 1979. 198-200 (1979).

72. J.W. Raff, J. Hutchinson, R.B. Knox and A.E. Clarke. Cell recognition antigenic determinants of plant organs and their cultured callus cells. Differentiation 12, 179-186 (1979).

73. I.J. Smart and R.B. Knox. Aerobiology of grass pollen in the city atmosphere of Melbourne; quantitative analysis of seasonal diurnal changes. Australian Journal of Botany 27, 317-331 (1979).

74. I.J. Smart, W.G. Tuddenham and R.B. Knox. Aerobiology of grass pollen in the city atmosphere of Melbourne; effects of weather parameters and pollen sources. Australian Journal of Botany 27, 333-342 (1979).

75. H.I.M.V. Vithanage and R.B. Knox. Pollen development and quantitative cytochemistry of exine and intine enzymes in sunflower, Helianthus annuus. Annals of Botany 44, 95-106 (1979).

76. A.E. Ashford and R.B. Knox. Characteristics of pollen diffusates and pollen wall cytochemistry in poplars. Journal of Cell Science 44, 1-17 (1980).

77. P.Bernhardt, R.B. Knox and D.M. Calder. Floral biology and self incompatibility in some Australian mistletoes of the genus Amyema. Australian Journal of Botany 28, 437-451 (1980).

78. R.B. Knox and A.E. Clarke. Discrimination between self and non-self in plants. In J.J. Marchalonis and N.Cohen (eds.): Contemporary Topics in Immunology 9, (Plenum Publishing Corporation) 1-36 (1980).

79. R.B. Knox, H.I.M.V. Vithanage and B.J. Howlett. Botanical immunocytochemistry-a review with special reference to pollen antigens and allergens. Histochemical Journal 247-272 (1980).

80. J.M. Pettitt, C.A. McConchie, S.C. Ducker and R.B. Knox. Unique adaptations for submarine pollination in Seagrasses. Nature (London) 286, 487-489 (1980).

81. I.J. Smart and R.B. Knox. Rapid batch fractionation of ryegrass pollen allergens. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 62, 179-187 (1980).

82. H.I.M.V. Vithanage, B.J. Howlett and R.B. Knox. Localization of grass pollen allergen by immunocytochemistry. Micron 11, 411-412 (1980).

83. H.I.M.V. Vithanage and R.B. Knox. Periodicity of pollen development and quantitative cytochemistry of exine and intine enzymes in the grasses Lolium perenne and Phalaris tuberosa. Annals of Botany 45, 131-141 (1980).

84. J.A. Considine and R.B. Knox. Tissue origins, cell lineages and patterns of cell division in the developing dermal system of the fruit of Vitis vinifera L. Planta 151, 403-412 (1981).

85. O.H. Frankel, R.B. Knox and J.A. Considine. The development of the wheat flower: genetics and physiology. In L.T. Evans and W.J. Peacock (eds.): WheatScience-Today and Tomorrow (Cambridge University Press) 167-190 (1981).

86. J.Heslop-Harrison and R.B. Knox. Plant histochemistry: retrospect and prospect. In P.J. Stoward and J.M. Polak (eds.): Histochemistry: the widening horizons of its applications in the biomedical sciences. (John Wiley and Sons, Chichester and New York) 1-10 (1981).

87. B. J. Howlett, H.I.M.V. Vithanage and R.B. Knox. Immunofluorescence localization of two water-soluble glycoproteins, including the major allergen, from pollen ryegrass, Lolium perenne. Histochemical Journal 13, 461-480 (1981).

88. J.Kenrick and R.B. Knox. Post-pollination exudate from stigmas of Acacia (Mimosaceae). Annals of Botany 48, 103-106 (1981).

89. J.Kenrick and R.B. Knox. Structure and histochemistry of the stigma and style of some Australian species of Acacia. Australian Journal of Botany 29, 733-745 (1981).

90. J.M. Pettitt, R.B. Knox and S.C. Ducker. Submarine Pollination. Scientific American 224, 135-143 (1981).

91. J.W. Raff, R.B. Knox and A.E. Clarke. Style antigens of Prunus avium L. Planta 153, 125-129 (1981).

92. J.A. Considine, R.B. Knox and O.H. Frankel. Stereological analysis of floral development and quantitative histochemistry of nucleic acids in fertile and base-sterile varieties of wheat. Annals of Botany 50, 647-663 (1982).

93. B.J. Howlett, D.J. Hill and R.B. Knox. Cross-reactivity between Acacia (wattle) and ryegrass pollen allergens. Detection of allergens in Acacia (wattle) pollen. Clinical Allergy 12, 259-268 (1982).

94. J.Kenrick and R.B. Knox. Function of the polyad in reproduction of Acacia. Annals of Botany 50, 721-727 (1982).

95. R.B. Knox. Immunology and the Study of Plants. In J. J. Marchalonis and G. W. Warr (eds.): Antibody as a Tool. (John Wiley and Sons, Chichester and New York) 293-246 (1982).

96. R.B. Knox. Methods for locating and identifying antigens in plant tissues. In G. Bullock and P. Petrusz (eds.): Immunocytochemistry 1, (Academic Press, London) 205-238 (1982).

97. R.B. Knox and J.A. Considine. Deterministic and probabilistic approaches to plant development. In R. Sattler (ed.): Axioms and Principles of Plant Construction. (Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Netherlands) 112-117 (1982).

98. R.B. Knox and M. Tuohy. Pollen plants and people-a review of pollen aerobiology in southern Australia. Proceedings of the 6th Australian Weeds Conference 1981 2, 125-142 (1982).

99. C.A. McConchie, S.C. Ducker and R.B. Knox. Biology of Australian seagrasses: floral development and morphology in Amphibolis (Cymodoceaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 30, 251-264 (1982).

100. C.A. McConchie, R.B. Knox and S.C. Ducker. Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the hydrophilous pollen of Lepilaena (Zannichelliaceae). Micron 13, 339-340 (1982).

101. C. A. McConchie, R.B. Knox, S.C. Ducker and J.M. Pettitt. Pollen wall structure and cytochemistry in the Seagrass Amphibolis griffithii (Cymodoceaceae). Annals of Botany 50, 729-732 (1982).

102. E.G. Williams, R.B. Knox and J.L. Rouse. Pollination subsystems distinguished by pollen tube arrest after incompatible interspecific crosses in Rhododendron (Ericaceae). Journal of Cell Science 53, 255-277 (1982).

103. H.I.M.V. Vithanage, B.J. Howlett, S. Jobson and R.B. Knox. Immunocytochemical localization of water soluble glycoproteins, including Group 1 Allergen, in pollen of ryegrass, Lolium perenne using ferritin-labelled antibody. Histochemical Journal 14 , 949-966 (1982).

104. P.Bernhardt and R.B. Knox. The stigmatic papillae of Amyema (Loranthaceae): Developmental responses to protandry and surface adaptations for bird pollination. American Journal of Botany 70, 1313-1319 (1983).

105. C.Dumas and R.B. Knox. Callose and determination of pistil viability and incompatibility. Theoretical Applied Genetics 67, 1-10 (1983).

106. S.Jobson, R.B. Knox, J. Kenrick and C. Dumas. Plastid development and ferritin content of stigmas of the legumes Acacia, Lotus and Trifolium. Protoplasma 116, 213-218 (1983).

107. C.Kerhoas, R.B. Knox and C. Dumas. Specificity of the callose response in stigmas of Brassica Annals of Botany 52, 597-602 (1983).

108. J.M. Pettitt, C.A. McConchie, S.C. Ducker and R.B. Knox. Reproduction in seagrasses: pollination in Amphibolis antarctica. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 219, 119-135 (1983).

109. J.W. Raff, J.M. Pettitt and R.B. Knox. Cytochemistry of pollen tube growth in the stigma and style of Prunus avium. Phytomorphology 31, 214-231 (1983).

110. E.G. Williams and R.B. Knox. Quantitation of pollen tube growth in Lycopersicon peruvianum. Journal of Palynology (H. F. Linskens Festschrift volume) 18, 65-74 (1982).

111. E.G. Williams, R.B. Knox and J.L. Rouse. Pollen-pistil interactions, and the control of pollination. Phytomorphology 31, 148-157 (1983).

112. A.J. Beatie, C. Turnbull, R.B. Knox and E.G. Williams. Ant inhibition of pollen function: a possible reason why ant pollination is rare. American Journal of Botany 71, 421-426 (1984).

113. P.Bernhardt, J. Kenrick and R.B. Knox. Pollination biology and the breeding system of Acacia retinodes (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens 71, 17-29 (1984).

114. S.C. Ducker, and R.B. Knox. Epiphytism at the cellular level, with special reference to algal epiphytes. In H. F. Linskens and J. Heslop-Harrison (eds.): Intercellular Interactions. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology 14, 115-133 (1984).

115. C. Dumas, A.E. Clarke and R.B. Knox. La fecondation des fleurs. La Recherche 15, 1518-1526 (1984).

116. C. Dumas, R.B. Knox and T. Gaude. Pollen-pistil recognition: new concepts from electron microscopy and cytochemistry. International Review of Cytology 90, 239-272 (1984).

117. C. Dumas, R.B. Knox, C.A. McConchie and S.D. Russell. Emerging physiological concepts in fertilization. What's New in Plant Physiology 15, 177-200 (1984).

118. M. Gaget, C. Said, C. Dumas and R.B. Knox. Pollen-pistil interactions in interspecific crosses of Populus (sections Aigeiros and Leuce): pollen adhesion, hydration and callose responses. Journal of Cell Science 72, 173-184 (1984).

119. T. Hough, P. Bernhardt, R.B. Knox and E.G. Williams. Use of fluorochromes in pollen biology. In M. Willemsem and J.L. van Went (eds.): Sexual Reproduction in Seed Plants, Ferns and Mosses (Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands) 73-74 (1984).

120. B.J. Howlett and R.B. Knox. Allergic Interactions. In H.F. Linskens and J. Heslop-Harrison (eds.) Intercellular Interactions. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology 14, 655-673 (1984).

121. V.Kaul, J.L. Rouse, R.B. Knox and E.G. Williams. Early post-fertilization development in Rhododendron. In M. Willemsem and J.L. van Went (eds.): Sexual Reproduction in Seed Plants, Ferns and Mosses (Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands) 116-117 (1984).

122. J.Kenrick, P. Bernhardt, R. Marginson, G. Beresford and R.B. Knox. In M. Willemsem and J.L. van Went (eds.): Sexual Reproduction in Seed Plants, Ferns and Mosses (Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands) 88-89 (1984).

123. J. Kenrick, V. Kaul and R.B. Knox. Self-incompatibility in the nitrogen-fixing tree legume, Acacia retubides: pre-or post-zygotic mechanism? In M. Willemsem and J.L. van Went (eds.): Sexual Reproduction in Seed Plants, Ferns and Mosses (Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands) 112-113 (1984).

124. R.B. Knox. The pollen grain. In B.M. Johri (ed.): Embryology of Plants. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, New York) 197-271 (1984).

125. R.B. Knox. Pollen-pistil interactions. In H.F. Linskens and J. Heslop-Harrison (eds.) Intercellular Interactions. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology 14 508-608 (1984).

126. C.A. McConchie, S. Jobson and R.B. Knox. The structure of sperm cells in Brassica. In M. Willemsem and J.L. van Went (eds.): Sexual Reproduction in Seed Plants, Ferns and Mosses (Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands) 147-149 (1984).

127. P.O'Neill, M.B. Singh, T.F. Neales, R.B. Knox and E.G. Williams. Carbon dioxide blocks the stigma callose response following incompatible pollinations in Brassica. In M. Willemsem and J.L. van Went (eds.): Sexual Reproduction in Seed Plants, Ferns and Mosses (Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands) 100-101 (1984).

128. J.M. Pettitt, C.A. McConchie, S.C. Ducker and R.B. Knox. Reproduction in seagrasses: pollen wall morphogenesis in Amphibolis antarctica and wall structure in filiform grains. Nordic Journal of Botany 4, 199-216 (1984).

129. S.Ramm-Anderson and R.B. Knox. Localization of pollen surface glycoproteins using monoclonal antibodies. In M. Willemsem and J.L. van Went (eds.): Sexual Reproduction in Seed Plants, Ferns and Mosses (Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands) 100-101 (1984).

130. J.L. Rouse, R.B. Knox and E.G. Williams. Unilateral hybridization in Rhododendron. In M. Willemsem and J.L. van Went (eds.): Sexual Reproduction in Seed Plants, Ferns and Mosses (Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands) 115-116 (1984).

131. M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Invertases of lily pollen: characterisation and changes during germination. Plant Physiology 74, 510-515 (1984).

132. M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Quantitative cytochemistry of beta-galactosidase in normal and mutant (gal) pollen grains of Brassica campestris. Histochemical Journal 16, 1273-1296 (1984).

133. M.B. Singh, R.B. Knox and E.G. Williams. Gamete competition in oil-seed rape: effect of beta-galactosidase deficiency on fertilization. In M. Willemsem and J.L. van Went (eds.): Sexual Reproduction in Seed Plants, Ferns and Mosses (Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands) 166-167 (1984).

134. M. Villar, R.B. Knox and C. Dumas. Effective pollination period and ovular receptivity in the gymnosperm Larix leptolerpis. Annals of Botany 53, 279-284 (1984).

135. E.G. Williams, R.B. Knox, V. Kaul and J.L. Rouse. Post-pollination callose development in ovules of Rhododendron and Ledum (Ericaceae): Zygote special wall. Journal of Cell Science 69, 127-135 (1984).

136. A.J. Beattie, C. Turnbull, T. Hough, S. Jobson and R.B. Knox. The vulnerability of pollen and fungal spores to ant secretions: evidence and some evolutionary implications. American Journal of Botany 72, 606-614 (1985).

137. P.Bernhardt, J. Kenrick and R.B. Knox. Pollination biology and the breeding system of Acacia retinodes (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens 41, 17-29 (1985).

138. S.C. Ducker and R.B. Knox. Pollen and pollination: a historical review. Taxon 34, 401-419 (1985).

139. S.C. Ducker and R.B. Knox. Pollen and people. In D. Mulcahy, G.B. Mulcahy and E. Ottaviano (eds.): Pollen Biotechnology and Ecology (Springer, New York) 399-464 (1985).

140. C.Dumas, A.E. Clarke and R.B. Knox. Pollination and cellular recognition. Outlook on Agriculture 14, 68-78 (1985).

141. C. Dumas, R.B. Knox and T. Gaude. The spatial association of the sperm cells and vegetative nucleus in the pollen grain of Brassica. Protoplasma 124, 168-174 (1985).

142. T.Hough, P. Bernhardt, R.B. Knox and E.G. Williams. Applications of fluorochromes in pollen biology II. The DNA probes ethidium bromide and Hoechst 33258 in conjunction with the stain callose-specific aniline blue fluorochrome. Stain Technology 60, 158-162 (1985).

143. J.Kenrick and R.B. Knox. Self-incompatibility in the nitrogen-fixing tree, Acacia retinodes: quantitative cytology of pollen tube growth. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 69, 481-488 (1985).

144. R.B. Knox. Biologia Pylicy Pollen Biology. Translated into Russian by S. Reznickova. Agropromijediate 4272, (Kolos Publishers, Moscow, USSR) 84pp. (1985).

145. R.B. Knox, J. Kenrick, P. Bernhardt, R. Marginson, G. Beresford, I. Baker and H.G. Baker. Extra-floral nectaries as adaptations for bird pollination in Acacia terminalis. American Journal of Botany 72, 1185-1196 (1985).

146. R.B. Knox and M.B. Singh. Immunofluorescence applications in plant cells. In A.W. Robards (ed.): Botanical Microscopy 1985 (Oxford University Press, Oxford) 208-232 (1985).

147. R. Marginson, M. Sedgley and R.B. Knox. Structure and histochemistry of the extrafloral nectary of Acacia terminalis (Salisb.) MacBride (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Protoplasma 127, 21-30 (1985).

148. R.Marginson, M. Sedgley and R.B. Knox. Physiology of post-pollination exudate production in Acacia. Journal of Experimental Botany 36, 1660-1668 (1985).

149. R.Marginson, M. Sedgley, T.J. Douglas and R.B. Knox. Structure and secretion of the extrafloral nectaries of Australian Acacias. Israel Journal of Botany (Festschrift for Professor A. Fahn.) 34, 91-102 (1985).

150. C.A. McConchie, J. Jobson and R.B. Knox. Computer-assisted reconstruction of the male germ unit in pollen of Brassica campestris. Protoplasma. 127, 57-63 (1985).

151. C.A. McConchie and R.B. Knox. The male germ unit and prospects for biotechnology. In D. Mulcahy, G. B. Mulcahy and E. Ottaviano (eds.): Pollen Biotechnology and Ecology (Springer, New York) 289-296 (1985).

152. P.O'Neill, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Applications of a new membrane print technique in biotechnology. In D. Mulcahy, G. B. Mulcahy and E. Ottaviano (eds.): Pollen Biotechnology and Ecology (Springer, New York) 203-208 (1985).

153. A.Palloix, Y. Herve, R.B. Knox and C.A. Dumas. Effect of carbon dioxide and relative humidity on self incompatibility in cauliflower, Brassica oleraceae. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 70, 628-633 (1985).

154. M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Expression of beta-galactosidase gene in pollen of Brassica campestris. In D. Mulcahy, G.B. Mulcahy and E. Ottaviano (eds.): Pollen Biotechnology and Ecology (Springer, New York) 3-8 (1985).

155. M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. A gene controlling beta-galactosidase deficiency in pollen of oilseed rape Brassica campestris. Journal of Heredity 76, 199-201 (1985).

156. M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Grass pollen allergens: Antigenic relationships detected using monoclonal antibodies and dot blotting immunoassay. International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology 78, 300-304 (1985).

157. M.B. Singh, P.M. O'Neill and R.B. Knox. Initiation of post-meiotic beta-galactosidase synthesis during microsporogenesis in oilseed rape. Plant Physiology 77, 225-228 (1985).

158. S. Strother, M.B. Singh, G. Beresford and R.B. Knox. Phosphatases from pollen of Brassica campestris and Lilium regale. Phytochemistry 24, 1447-1449 (1985).

159. C.H. Theunis, C.A. McConchie and R.B. Knox. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the generative cell and its wall connection in mature bicellular pollen of Rhododendron. Micron and Microscopia Acta (Festschrift for Professor J. Heslop-Harrison) 16, 225-231 (1985).

160. E.G. Williams, J.L. Rouse and R.B. Knox. Barriers to sexual compatibility in Rhododendron. Notes from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh 43, 81-98 (1985).

161. A.J. Beattie, C. Turnbull, T. Hough and R.B. Knox. Antibiotic production: A possible function for the metapleural glands of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 79, 448-450 (1986).

162. P.L. Bhalla, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Application of cytochemical methods for the detection and localization of plant proteolytic enzymes. In M. J. Dalling (ed.): Plant Proteolytic Enzymes. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida) (1986).

163. T.Hough, M.B. Singh, P.L. Bhalla, R.B. Knox and I.J. Smart. Monoclonal antibodies to antigenic determinants on sperm cells of Brassica campestris. Plant Physiology S160 (1986).

164. T. Hough, M.B. Singh, I.J. Smart and R.B. Knox. Immunofluorescent screening of monoclonal antibodies to surface antigens of animal and plant cells bound to polycarbonate membranes. Journal of Immunological Methods 92, 103-107 (1986).

165. R.B. Knox, C. Dumas and E.G.Williams. Pollen-pistil recognition in seed plants. In J. Janick (ed.): Plant Breeding Reviews 4, (AVI Publishing Co. Inc., Westport) 9-79 (1986).

166. R.B. Knox, R. Marginson, J. Kenrick and A.J. Beattie. The role of extrafloral nectaries in Acacia. In B. Juniper and R. Southwood (eds.): Insect and Plant Surfaces (Edward Arnold, London) 295-308 (1986).

167. R.B. Knox and C.A. McConchie. Structure and function of compound pollen. In S. Blackmore and I.K. Ferguson (eds.): Pollen Structure and Function (Academic Press, London) 265-282 (1986).

168. C.A. McConchie, T. Hough, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Pollen presentation of petal combs in the geoflorous heath Acrotriche serrulata (Epacridaceae). Annals of Botany 57, 155-164 (1986).

169. S. Blackmore, C.A. McConchie and R.B. Knox. Phylogenetic analysis of the male ontogenetic program in aquatic and terrestrial monocotyledons. Cladistics 4, 333-347 (1987).

170. D.E. Evans, N.E. Rothnie, M.V. Palmer, D.G. Burke, J.P. Sang, R.B. Knox, E.G. Williams, E.P. Hilliard and P.A. Salisbury. Comparative analysis of fatty acids in pollen and seed of rapeseed. Phytochemistry, 26, 1895-1897 (1987).

171. V. Kaul, C. Theunis, B. Palser, R.B. Knox and E.G. Williams. Association of the generative cell and vegetative nucleus in pollen tubes of Rhododendron laetum. Annals of Botany 59, 227-235 (1987).

172. J. Kenrick, P. Berhardt, R. Marginson, G. Beresford, R.B. Knox, I. Baker and H.G. Baker. Pollination-related characteristics in the mimosoid legume Acacia terminalis. Plant Systematics and Evolution 157, 49-62 (1987).

173. R.B. Knox. Pollen differentiation patterns and male function. In C. Urbanska (ed.): Differentiation Patterns in High Plants (Academic Press, London) 33-51 (1987).

174. R.B. Knox, M. Gaget and C. Dumas. Mentor pollen techniques. International Review of Cytology 107, 315-332 (1987).

175. R.B. Knox and M.B. Singh. New perspectives in pollen biology and fertilization. Annals of Botany Centenary Volume 60, 15-37 (1987).

176. C.A. McConchie, T. Hough and R.B. Knox. Ultrastructural analysis of the sperm cells of mature pollen of maize, Zea mays. Protoplasma 139, 9-16 (1987).

177. C.A. McConchie, S.D. Russell, C. Dumas, M. Tuohy and R.B. Knox. Quantitive cytology of the sperm cells of Brassica campestris and B. oleracea. Planta 170, 446-452 (1987).

178. M. Tuohy, C.A. McConchie, R.B. Knox, L. Szarski and A. Arkin. Computer-assisted three-dimensional reconstruction technology in plant cell image analysis; applications of interactive computer graphics. Journal of Microscopy 147, 83-88 (1987).

179. M. Villar, M. Gaget, C. Said, R.B. Knox and C. Dumas. Incompatibility in Populus: structural and cytochemical characteristics of the receptive stigmas of Populus alba and P. nigra. Journal of Cell Science 87, 483-490 (1987).

180. P.A. Cox and R.B. Knox. Pollination postulates and two dimensional pollination in hydrophilous monocotyledons. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 75, 811-818 (1988).

181. S.G. Dungey, J.P. Sang, N.E. Rothnie, M.V. Palmer, D.G. Burke, R.B. Knox, E.G. Williams, E. P. Hilliard and P.A. Salisbury. Glucosinolates in the pollen of rapeseed and Indian mustard. Phytochemistry 27, 815-817 (1988).

182. D.E. Evans, N.E. Rothnie, J.P. Sang, M.V. Palmer, D.L. Mulcahy, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Correlations between gametophytic and sporophytic generations for polyunsaturated fatty acids in oilseed rape Brassica napus L. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 76, 411-419 (1988).

183. R.B. Knox. Introduction to pollination systems. In P. B. Adams (ed.): Reproductive Biology of Species Orchids (School of Botany. University of Melbourne and Orchid Species Society of Victoria) 1-6 (1988).

184. R.B. Knox and C. Dumas. Incompatibility in Angiosperms: Genetic and Molecular Basis. In R.S. Singh, U.S. Singh, W.M. Hess and D.J. Weber (eds.): Experimental and Conceptual Plant Pathology (Triparthi Commemoration Volume) (Oxford and IBH Publishing, New Delhi) 433-456 (1988).

185. R.B. Knox, D. Southworth and M.B. Singh. Sperm cell determinants and control of fertilization in plants. In G.C. Chapman (ed.): Eukaryote Cell Recognition. (Cambridge University Press, UK) 175-193 (1988).

186. C.A. McConchie and R.B. Knox. Pollination and reproductive biology of seagrasses. In A.D. Larkum, K. Shepherd and J. McComb (eds.): The Biology of Seagrasses-An Australian Perspective (Longman-Cheshire, Melbourne) (1988).

187. K. McCoy and R.B. Knox. The plasma membrane and generative cell organization in pollen of the mimosoid legume, Acacia retinodes. Protoplasma 143, 85-92 (1988).

188. P. O'Neill, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Cell biology of the stigma of Brassica campestris in relation to CO₂ effects on self-pollination. Journal of Cell Science 89, 541-549 (1988).

189. E. Provost, D. Southworth and R.B. Knox. Three-dimensional reconstruction of sperm cells and vegetative nucleus in pollen of Gerbera jamesonii (Asteraceae). In C.J. Keyser and H.J. Wilms (eds.): Plant Sperm Cells (PUDOC, Wageningen) 69-74 (1988).

190. K.R. Shivanna, H. Xu, P. Taylor and R.B. Knox. Isolation of sperms from the pollen tubes of flowering plants during fertilization. Plant Physiology 87, 647-650 (1988).

191. D. Southworth and R.B. Knox. Methods for isolation of sperm cells from pollen. In C.J. Keyser and H.J. Wilms (eds.): Plant Sperm Cells (PUDOC, Wageningen) 87-96 (1988).

192. A. Avjioglu and R.B. Knox. Storage lipid accumulation by zygotic and somatic embryos in culture. Annals of Botany 63, 409-420 (1989).

193. P.A. Cox and R.B. Knox. Two-dimensional pollination in hydrophilous plants: convergent evolution in the genera Halodule (Cymodoceaceae), Halophila (Hydrocharitaceae), Ruppia (Ruppiaceae), and Lepilaena (Zannichelliaceae). American Journal of Botany 76, 164-175 (1989).

194. J. Kenrick and R.B. Knox. Quantitative analysis of self-incompatibility in trees of seven species of Acacia. Journal of Heredity 80, 240-245 (1989).

195. R.B. Knox, J. Kenrick, S. Jobson and C. Dumas. Reproductive function in the mimosoid legume Acacia retinodes: ultrastructural and cytochemical characteristics or stigma receptivity. Australian Journal of Botany 37, 103-124 (1989).

196. R.B. Knox, M.B. Singh, T. Hough and P. Theerakulpisut. The rye-grass pollen allergen, Lol pI. In T. Merrett (ed.): Allergy and Molecular Biology (Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium, Laguna Niguel, CA, USA) Advances in the Biosciences 74, 161-171 (1989).

197. Y. Li, H-F. Wang and R.B. Knox. Ultrastructural analysis of the flagellar apparatus in sperm cells of Ginkgo biloba. Protoplasma 149, 57-63 (1989).

198. C.A. McConchie and R.B. Knox. Pollen-stigma interactions in the seagrass Posidonia austalis. Annals of Botany 63, 235-248 (1989).

199. D. Southworth and R.B. Knox. Cell biology and isolation of sperm cells of Gerbera jamesonii. Plant Science 60, 273-277 (1989).

200. D. Southworth, M.B. Singh, T. Hough, I.J. Smart, P. Taylor and R.B. Knox. Antibodies to pollen exines. Planta 176, 482-487 (1989).

201. I. Staff, P. Taylor, J. Kenrick and R.B. Knox. Ultrastructural analysis of plastids in angiosperm pollen tubes. Sexual Plant Reproduction 2, 70-76 (1989).

202. R.B. Knox, M.B. Singh and L.F. Troiani. Pollination '88. School of Botany, The University of Melbourne. 205pp. (1989).

203. P.M. O'Neill, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Biosynthesis of S-associated proteins following self- and cross-pollinations in Brassica campestris L. var T15. Sexual Plant Reproduction 2 , 103-108 (1989).

204. J.D. Thomson, K.R. Shivanna, J. Kenrick and R.B. Knox. Sex expression, breeding system, and pollen biology of an androdioecious shrub, Ricinocarpos pinifolius. American Journal of Botany 76 , 1048-1059 (1989).

205. P. Taylor, J. Kenrick, Y. Li, V. Kaul, B.E.S. Gunning and R.B. Knox. The male germ unit of Rhododendron: quantitative cytology, three-dimensional reconstruction, isolation and detection using fluorescent probes. Sexual Plant Reproduction 2, 254-264 (1989).

206. D. Beardsell, R.B. Knox and E. Williams. Use of DNA fluorochromes for studying meiosis in the woody species Thryptomene calycina. Stain Technology 65, 189-195 (1990).

207. D.E. Evans, J.P. Sang, X. Cominos, N.E. Rothrie and R.B. Knox. A study of phospholipids and galactolipids in pollen of 2 lines of Brassica napus L (rapeseed) with different ratios of linoleic to linolenic acid. Plant Physiology 93, 418-424 (1990).

208. D.E. Evans, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Pollen development: applications in biotechnology. In S. Blackmore and R.B. Knox. (eds.): Microspores, Evolution and Ontogeny (Academic Press, London) 309-329 (1990)

209. J. Kenrick and R.B. Knox. Pollen-pistil interactions in Leguminosae, Mimosoideae. In J.L. Zarucchi and C. H. Stirton (eds.): Advances in Legume Biology (Missouri Botanical Gardens, St Louis) 127-156 (1990)

210. R.B. Knox and M.B. Singh. Recognition molecules in plants. In J. J. Marchalonis and C. Reinishch (eds.): Defense Molecules (Alan R. Liss Inc.) 1-15 (1990).

211. R.B. Knox and M.B. Singh. Reproduction and recognition phenomena in the Poaceae. In G. P. Chapman (ed.): Reproductive versatility in the grasses (Cambridge University Press, UK) 220-239 (1990).

212. R.B. Knox and M.B. Singh. Pollen-pistil interactions. In S.K. Sinha (ed.): Proceedings of the 9th International Congress of Plant Physiology (Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi) 1309-1314 (1990).

213. R.B. Knox, H.L. Xu and M.B. Singh. Molecular biology: potential to assist in developing new rye-grass cultivars. In A. Mackay (ed.): Annual Ryegrass. (SA Department of Agriculture, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, Adelaide) 227-233 (1990).

214. P.M. O'Neill, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Grass pollen allergens: detection on surface of living pollen grains using membrane print technique. International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology 91, 266-269 (1990).

215. E.K. Ong, C. Suphioglu, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Immunodetection methods for grass-pollen allergens on Western blots. International Archives of Allergy & Immunology 93, 338-343 (1990).

216. M.B. Singh, R.B. Knox, A. Avioglu, S. Davies, T. Hough, P.M. Smith, C. Suphioglu, P.E. Taylor and P. Theerakulpisut. Rye-grass pollen molecules that prove allergic asthma. In A. Mackay (ed.): Annual Ryegrass (SA Department of Agriculture, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, Adelaide) 235-237 (1990).

217. M.B. Singh, P.M. Smith and R.B. Knox. Molecular biology of rye-grass pollen allergens. In B. A. Baldo (ed.): Molecular approaches to the study of allergens. Monographs in Allergy 5, (Karger, Basel) 101-120 (1990).

218. I.A. Staff, P.E. Taylor, P. Smith, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Cellular localization of water-soluble allergenic proteins in rye-grass (Lolium perenne) pollen using monoclonal and specific IgE antibodies with immunogold probes. Histochemical Journal 22, 276-290 (1990).

219. E.G. Williams, J.L. Rouse, B.F. Palser and R.B. Knox. Reproductive biology of Rhododendron. Horticultural Reviews 12, 1-67 (1990).

220. D.E. Evans, P.E. Taylor, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Quantitative analysis of lipids and protein from the pollen of Brassica napus L. Plant Science 73, 117-126 (1991).

221. I.J. Griffith, P.M. Smith, J. Pollock, P. Theerakulpisut, A. Avjioglu, S. Davies, T. Hough, M.B. Singh, R.J. Simpson, L.D. Ward and R.B. Knox. Cloning and sequencing of Lol p1 the major allergenic protein of rye-grass pollen. FEBS Letters, 279, 210-215 (1991).

222. M.B. Singh, T. Hough, P. Theerakulpisut, A. Avjioglu, S. Davies, P. Smith, P.E. Taylor, R.J. Simpson, L. Ward, J. McCluskey, R. Puy and R.B. Knox. Isolation of complementary DNA encoding newly identified major allergenic protein of rye-grass pollen: intracellular targeting to the amyloplast. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 88, 1384-1388 (1991).

223. P.E. Taylor, J. Kenrick, C.K. Blomstedt and R.B. Knox. Sperm cells of the pollen tubes of Brassica-ultrastructure and isolation. Sexual Plant Reproduction 4, 226-234 (1991).

224. P. Theerakulpisut, B.M. Singh and R.B. Knox. Molecular aspects of the development of reproductive cells. In J. Mol (ed.): Genetics and Breeding of Ornamental Species (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands) 333-366 (1991).

225. P. Theerakulpisut, H-L. Xu, M.B. Singh, J. Pettitt, and R.B. Knox. Isolation and developmental expression of Bcp1, an anther-specific cDNA clone in Brassica campestris. The Plant Cell 3, 1073-1084 (1991).

226. E.G. Williams, H.L. Rouse, V. Kaul and R.B. Knox. Reproductive timetable for the tropical Vireya Rhododendron, R-Macgregoriae. Sexual Plant Reproduction 4, 155-165 (1991).

227. R. Bellomo, P. Gigliotti, A. Treloar, P. Holmes, C. Suphioglu, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Two consecutive thunderstorm-associated epidemics of asthma in the city of Melbourne. Medical Journal of Australia 156, 834-837 (1992).

228. C.K. Blomstedt, H-L. Xu, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. The isolation and purification of surface specific proteins of somatic and reproductive protoplasts of lily and rapeseed. Physiologia plantarum 85, 396-402 (1992).

229. S.P. Davies, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Identification and in-situ localization of pollen-specific genes. International Review of Cytology 140, 19-34 (1992).

230. D.E. Evans, P. Taylor, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. The interrelationship between the accumulation of lipids proteins and the level of acyl carrier protein (ACP) during the development of Brassica napus L. pollen. Planta 186, 343-354 (1992).

231. E.A. James, W.J. Thompson, D. Richards and R.B. Knox. Quantatitive analysis of pollination diallels of two Australian species of Pandorea (Bignoniaceae). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 84, 656-661 (1992).

232. R.B. Knox, C. Suphioglu, T. Hough and M.B. Singh. Genetic and molecular dissection of male reproductive processes. In R. Wyatt (ed.): Ecology and evolution of plant reproduction (Chapman and Hall, New York and London) 231-254 (1992).

233. E. Pacini, P.E. Taylor, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Development of plastids in pollen and tapetum of rye-grass, Lolium perenne L. Annals of Botany 70, 179-188 (1992).

234. C. Suphioglu, M.B. Singh, P. Taylor, R. Bellomo, P. Holmes, R. Puy and R.B. Knox. Mechanism of grass-pollen-induced asthma. Lancet 339, 569-572 (1992).

235. A. Avjioglu, J. Creaney, P.M. Smith, P. Taylor, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Cloning and characterization of the major allergen of Sorghum halepense, a subtropical grass. In D. Kraft (ed.): Molecular Biology and Immunology of Allergens (CRC Press, USA) (1993).

236. D.V. Beardsell, R.B. Knox and E.G. Williams. Breeding system and reproductive success of Thryptomene calycina (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 41, 263-273 (1993).

237. D.V. Beardsell, R.B. Knox and E.G. Williams. Fruit and seed structure of Thryptomene calycina (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 41, 183-193 (1993).

238. D.V. Beardsell, R.B. Knox and E.G. Williams. Germination of seeds from the fruits of Thryptomene calycina (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 41, 263-273 (1993).

239. D.V. Beardsell, S.P. O'Brien, E.G. Williams, R.B. Knox and D.M. Calder. Reproductive biology of Australian Myrtaceae. Australian Journal of Botany 41, 511-526 (1993).

240. D.V. Beardsell, E.G. Williams and R.B. Knox. Homeotic, meristic and cytological floral mutants of Thryptomene calycina (family Myrtaceae). Annals of Botany 72, 27-36 (1993).

241. B. Blaher, J. Rolland, R.B. Knox, M.B. Singh and J. McCluskey. T-Cell response to grass-pollen allergens. Journal of Leukocyte Biology (Suppl.) 7, 57-58 (1993).

242. G.J. Howell, A.T. Slater and R.B. Knox. Secondary pollen presentation in the angiosperms and its biological significance. Australian Journal of Botany 41, 417-438 (1993).

243. M.A. Fitzgerald, D.M. Calder and R.B. Knox. Character states of development and initiation of cohesion between compound pollen grains of Acacia paradoxa. Annals of Botany 71, 51-59 (1993).

244. M.A. Fitzgerald, D.M. Calder and R.B. Knox. Secretory events in the freeze-substituted tapetum of the orchid Pterostylis concinna. Plant Systematics and Evolution (Suppl.) 7, 53-62 (1993).

245. E.A. James and R.B. Knox. Reproductive biology of the Australian species of the genus Pandorea (Bignoniaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 41, 611-626 (1993).

246. R.B. Knox. Grass pollen, thunderstorms and asthma. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 23, 354-359 (1993).

247. R.B. Knox, P. Taylor, P.M. Smith, T. Hough, E.K. Ong, C. Suphioglu, M. Lavithis, S. Davies, A. Avjioglu and M.B. Singh. Pollen allergens: botanical aspects. In D. Kraft (ed.): Molecular Biology and Immunology of Allergens (CRC Press, USA) (1993).

248. R.B. Knox, S.Y. Zee, C.K. Blomstedt and M.B. Singh. Tansley Review No. 61-Male gametes and fertilisation in angiosperms. The New Phytologist 125, 679-694 (1993).

249. E. K. Ong, I. J. Griffith, R.B. Knox and M.B. Singh. Cloning of cDNA encoding a group V (group IX) allergen isoform from rye-grass pollen that demonstrates specific antigenic immunoreactivity. Gene 134, 235-240 (1993).

250. M.B. Singh, P. Taylor and R.B. Knox. Special preparation methods for immunocytochemistry of plant cells. In J. Beesley (ed.): Immunocytochemistry-A Practical Approach (IRL Press, Oxford) 77-102 (1993).

251. P.M. Smith, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Characterization and cloning of the major allergen of Bermuda grass, Cyn d I. In D. Kraft (ed.): Molecular Biology and Immunology of Allergens (CRC Press, USA) (1993).

252. P.M. Smith, E.K. Ong, A. Avjioglu, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Analysis of ryegrass pollen allergens using two dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting. D. Kraft (ed.): Molecular Biology and Immunology of Allergens (CRC Press, USA) (1993).

253. C. Suphioglu, M.B. Singh, R.J. Simpson, L.D. Ward and R.B. Knox. Identification of canary grass (Phalaris aquatica) pollen allergens by immunoblotting: IgE and IgG binding studies. Allergy 48, 273-281 (1993).

254. C. Suphioglu, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Peptide mapping analysis of group I allergens of grass pollens. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 102, 144-151 (1993).

255. P. Taylor, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Strategies for the immunocytochemical localization of rapidly diffusible proteins in pollen. Journal of Computer-Assisted Microscopy 5, 53-56 (1993).

256. H-L. Xu, S.P. Davies, B.Y.H. Kwan, A.P. O'Brien, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Haploid and diploid expression of a Brassica campestris anther-specific gene promoter in Arabidopsis and tobacco. Molecular and General Genetics 239, 58-65 (1993).

257. A. Avjioglu, T. Hough, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Pollen allergens. In E.G. Williams A.E. Clarke and R.B. Knox (eds.): Genetic control of self-incompatibility and reproductive development in flowering plants (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrech, The Netherlands) 336-359 (1994).

258. A.M. Chaudhury, M. Lavithis, P.E. Taylor, S. Craig, M.B. Singh, E.R. Signer, R.B. Knox. and E.S. Dennis. Genetic-control of male-fertility in Arabidopsis thaliana: structural analysis of premeiotic developmental mutants. Sexual Plant Reproduction 7, 17-28 (1994).

259. A. Drinnan and R.B. Knox. Structure of Plants. In R.B. Knox and B.K. Evans. Cells and Tissues. In R.B. Knox, P.Y. Ladiges and B.K. Evans (eds.): Biology (McGraw-Hill, Sydney) 100-122 (1994).

260. M.A. Fitzgerald, S.H. Barnes, S. Blackmore, D.M. Calder and R.B. Knox. Pollen development and cohesion in a mealy and a hard type of orchid pollinium. International Journal of Plant Science 155, 481-491 (1994).

261. M.A. Fitzgerald, S.H. Barnes, S. Blackmore, D.M. Calder and R.B. Knox. Exine formation in the pollinium of Dendrobium. Protoplasma 179, 121-130 (1994).

262. M.A. Fitzgerald, D.M. Calder and R.B. Knox. Secretory events in the freeze-substituted tapetum of the orchid Pterostylis concinna. Plant Systematics and Evolution (Suppl.) 7, 53-62 (1994).

263. R.B. Knox. Frontiers in Sexual Plant Reproduction Research. 13th International Congress on Sexual Plant Reproduction, 1994. Sexual Plant Reproduction 7, 363-365 (1994).

264. R.B. Knox. Plant development. In R.B. Knox. and B.K. Evans. Cells and Tissues. In R.B. Knox, P.Y. Ladiges and B.K. Evans (eds.): Biology (McGraw Hill, Sydney) 353-371 (1994).

265. R.B. Knox and E.S. Dennis. Genetic control of male fertility in Arabidopsis thaliana: structural analysis of pre-meotic developmental mutants. Sexual Plant Reproduction 7, 17-28 (1994).

266. R.B. Knox and B.K. Evans. Cells and Tissues. In R.B. Knox, P.Y. Ladiges and B.K. Evans (eds.): Biology (McGraw Hill, Sydney) 100-122 (1994).

267. R.B. Knox, P.Y. Ladiges and B.K. Evans. (eds.): Biology (McGraw Hill, Sydney) 1067 pages (1994).

268. R.B. Knox and G. Shaw. Reproduction. In R.B. Knox, P.Y. Ladiges and B.K. Evans (eds.): Biology (McGraw Hill, Sydney) 251-274 (1994).

269. E.K. Ong, R.B. Knox, M. Abramson, S. Farish and M.B. Singh. Grass pollen, rainfall and asthma: Relationship between environmental allergen load and pollen counts. In S.N. Agashe (ed.): Recent Trends in Aeriobiology, Allergy and Immunology (Science Publishers, NH, USA) (1994).

270. E.K. Ong, R.B. Knox and M.B. Singh. Molecular characterization of Lol p V allergens. In S.N. Agashe (ed.): Recent Trends in Aeriobiology, Allergy and Immunology (Science Publishers, NH, USA) (1994).

271. P.M. Smith, E.K. Ong, R.B. Knox and M.B. Singh. Immunological relationships among Group I and Group V allergens from grass pollen. Molecular Immunology 31, 491-498 (1994).

272. P.M. Smith, A. Avjioglu, L.D. Ward, R.J. Simpson, R.B. Knox and M.B. Singh. Isolation and characterisation of Group I isoallergens of Bermuda grass pollen. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 188, 57-64 (1994).

273. P.E. Taylor, I.A. Staff, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Localization of the two major allergens in rye-grass pollen using monoclonal antibodies and quantitative analysis of immunogold labelling. Histochemical Journal 26, 392-401 (1994).

274. M.A. Fitzgerald and R.B. Knox. Initiation of primexine in freeze-substituted microspores of Brassica campestris. Sexual Plant Reproduction 8, 99-104 (1995).

275. R.B. Knox, P. Theerakulpisut, H-L. Xu, P. Bhalla and M.B. Singh. Molecular analysis of anther-specific genes in rice. In E. Humphreys, E.A. Murray, W.S. Clampett and L.G. Lewin (eds.): Temperate rice-achievements and potential (Temperate Rice Conference Organising Committee, NSW Department of Agriculture, Griffith, NSW) 175-180 (1995).

276. E.K. Ong, R.B. Knox and M.B. Singh. Mapping of the antigenic and allergenic epitopes of Lol-p-VB using gene fragmentation. Molecular Immunology 32, 295-302 (1995).

277. E.K. Ong, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Aeroallergens of plant origin: molecular basis and aerobiological significance. Aerobiologia 11, 219-229 (1995).

278. E.K. Ong, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Seasonal distribution of pollen in the atmosphere of Melbourne: an airborne pollen calendar. Aerobiologia 11, 51-55 (1995).

279. E.K. Ong, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Grass pollen in the atmosphere of Melbourne: seasonal distribution over nine years. Grana 34, 58-63 (1995).

280. E.G. Williams, R.B. Knox and A.E. Clarke (eds.): Genetic Control of Self Incompatibility and Reproductive Development in Flowering Plants (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands) 530 pages (1994).

281. H-L. Xu, R.B. Knox, P.E. Taylor and M.B. Singh. Bcp1, a gene required for male fertility in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 92, 2106-2110 (1995).

282. H-L. Xu, P. Theerakulpisut, P.E. Taylor, R.B. Knox, M.B. Singh and P.L. Bhalla. Isolation of a gene preferentially expressed in mature anthers of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Protoplasma 187, 127-131 (1995).

283. B. Blaher, C. Suphioglu, R.B. Knox, M.B. Singh, J. McCluskey and R. Rollant. Identification of T-cell epitopes of Lol p 9, a major allergen of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) pollen. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 98, 124-132 (1996).

284. C.K. Blomstedt, R.B. Knox and M.B. Singh. Generative cells of Lilium longifllorum possess translatable mRNA and functional protein synthesis machinery. Plant Molecular Biology 31, 1083-1086 (1996).

285. F.J. Brown, N.W. Kerley, R.B. Knox and K.W. Timms. Review of high field superconducting magnet development at Oxford Instruments. Physica B 216, 203-208 (1996).

286. R.B. Knox and C. Suphioglu. Environmental and molecular biology of pollen allergens. Trends in Plant Science 1, 156-164 (1996).

287. R.B. Knox and C. Suphioglu. Pollen allergens: development and function. Sexual Plant Reproduction 9, 318-323 (1996).

288. R.B. Knox, C. Suphioglu, P. Taylor, J.L. Peng and L.A. Bursill. Asthma and air pollution: two major grass pollen allergens bind to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 97, 378 (1996).

289. R.B. Knox and S. Mohapatra (eds): Pollen biotechnology. Gene expression and allergen characterization (Chapman & Hall, New York) 288pp. (1996).

290. E.K. Ong, R.B. Knox and M.B. Singh. Molecular characterization and environmental monitoring of grass pollen allergens. In R.B. Knox and S. S. Mohapatra (eds.): Pollen Biotechnology: Gene expression and allergen characterization (Chapman and Hall, New York) 176-210 (1996).

291. P.M. Smith, C. Suphioglu, I.J. Griffith, K. Theriault, R.B. Knox and M.B. Singh. Cloning and expression in yeast Pichia pastoris of a biologically active form of Cyn d 1, the major allergen of Bermuda grass pollen. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 98, 331-343 (1996).

292. C. Suphioglus, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. IgE-reactivity of recombinant grass pollen allergens expressed in yeast Pichia pastoris. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 97, 378 (1996).

293. H-L. Xu, R.B. Knox and M.B. Singh. Anther specific gene expression in Brassica and Arabidopsis. In R.B. Knox and S.S. Mohapatra (eds.): Pollen Biotechnology: Gene expression and allergen characterization (Chapman and Hall, New York) 38-51 (1996).

294. C.K. Blomstedt, P.E. Taylor and R.B. Knox. The identification of an anther specific antigen in Brassica species using a heterologous monoclonal antibody. Annals of Botany 80, 656-661 (1996),

295. R.B. Knox, C. Suphioglu, P. Taylor, R. Desai, H.C. Watson, J.L. Peng and L.A. Bursill. Major grass pollen allergen Lolp 1 binds to diesel exhaust particles: implications for asthma and air pollution. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 27, 246-251 (1997).

296. G. Schappi, C. Suphioglu, P. Taylor and R.B. Knox. Concentrations of the major birch tree allergen Bet v 1 in pollen and respirable fine particles in the atmosphere. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 100, 656-661 (1997).

297. G. Schappi, P. Taylor, I.A. Staff, C. Suphioglu and R.B. Knox. Source of Bet v 1 loaded inhalable particles from birch revealed. Sexual Plant Reproduction 10, 315-323 (1997).

298. G. Schappi, P. Taylor, C. Suphioglu and R.B. Knox. A new approach to the investigation of allergenic respirable particles using a modified Andersen Impactor. Grana 36, 373-375 (1997).

299. C. Suphioglu, F. Ferreira and R.B. Knox. Molecular cloning and immunological characterisation of Cyn d 7, a novel calcium binding allergen from Bermuda grass pollen. FEBS Letters 402, 167-172 (1997).

300. C. Suphioglu, E.K. Ong, R.B. Knox and M.B. Singh. IgE recognition of natural recombinant and chemically modified allergens. In A.M. Roberts and M.R. Walker (eds.): Allergic mechanisms and immunotherapeutic strategies (John Wiley and Sons Ltd, USA) 131-150 (1997).

301. C. Suphioglu, B. Blaher, J.M. Rolland, J. McCluskey, G. Schappi, J. Kenrick, M.B. Singh and R.B. Knox. Molecular basis of IgE-recognition of Lol p 5, a major allergen of rye-grass pollen. Molecular Immunology 35, 293-305 (1998).

302. P.E. Taylor, J.A. Glover, M. Lavithis, S. Craig, M.B. Singh, R.B. Knox, E. Dennis and A.M. Chaudhury. Genetic control of male fertility in Arabidopsis thaliana: structural analyses of postmeiotic developmental mutants.Planta 205, 492-505 (1998).

303. S. Vrtala, T. Ball, S. Spitzauer, B. Pandjaitan, C. Suphioglu, R.B. Knox, W.R. Sperr, P. Valent, D. Kraft and R. Valent. Immunization with purified natural and recombinant allergens induces mouse IgG1 antibodies that recognise similar epitopes as human IgE and inhibit the human IgE-allergen interaction and allergen-induced basophil degranulation. Journal of Immunology 160, 6137-6144 (1998).

J. Kenrick is an Honorary Research Fellow in the School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010.

P.Y. Ladiges is Professor and Head of the School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010.

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